RIGHT OR WRONG ?

     In life we often say that each one of us has opinion and sometimes we have 2 opinion especially if we are talking about politicians. But even normal people have different opinions and the same hold true in medicine. Most of the time we all have same opinion -may be because we all read the same book or have seen same study. No one will argue about treating high blood pressure or high blood sugars. But then we it comes to certain other conditions in elderly , we have different opinion. No one can state that his way is the only correct way. Take for example HBA1C , the indicator of diabetic control. In younger patients we like it around 6 or may be even less-close to as normal as it could be. But in elderly such a tight control is not good or could be detrimental. In elderly patient who may be living alone or who may be living with spouse who also may be elderly, it is more dangerous to have low blood sugar than high sugar . The low sugar can lead to unconsciousness and brain damage , while high blood sugar -not extremely high sugar is not that bad. This kind of thinking brings me to case for today. 

  I had seen this 80 years old patient in office . He had diagnosis of lung cancer and then we had surgery and he did well and did not need any additional chemotherapy of radiation and did ok .He did have some shortness of breath and I saw him and the work up was ok .He came to me for few months and then stopped . After a gap of 3 years he came to me and had some shortness of breath and we did do new CT scan and that showed density next to  suture line. In past we had seen that density and followed it and it was stable for couple of years. This time it looked like it had increased. So, I saw him . By now he was elderly , fragile and had some dementia. He had reduced activity partly related to shortness of breath and partly related to aging , dementia etc. I did order new PET scan and new breathing test. The wife was a nurse  and she wanted everything done and wanted to see thoracic surgery - the same one who had done surgery 3-4 years ago . I ordered the tests and she saw him. He ordered a biopsy of the mass. I did PET scan and that showed very high uptake in the mass -suggesting that it is cancer . Certainly we did not know the exact diagnosis or what type. The physician who was to do the biopsy is in the same group as the surgeon. I had suggested asking radiation doctor to see him as I did not feel he would do well with surgery cutting out part of the lung and also he would do well with chemo. The wife wanted surgery as 'that is the BEST treatment for the cancer'. But the surgeon agreed with me and told her that doing surgery was too risky. I had suggested not doing any biopsy but just based on PET scan treat with radiation . But the surgeon wanted his group doctor to do lung biopsy. I asked them - if biopsy is positive - would you take chemo the answer was NO. I asked if the biopsy is negative for the cancer would consider radiation treatment based on PET scan? the answer was YES . So my question is why do a test that does not change the course of treatment in this elderly fragile patient.  

    There is no answer and he will have the biopsy and radiation treatment !! RIGHT OR WRONG.

  

GOOD OR BAD ?

      In medicine we make decisions  and then live by it. The decisions are made based on our understandings of the tests  and not all are available for all of us .Could AI make a different outcome - I don't know . I don't think so. So most of the time we are correct and sometimes we are not. So the new tests are developed .That brings me to the story for the today. 

     I saw this lady several years ago. She had mild asthma and she came to me and we did tests and then started her on medicines and she did well. But ew people have this thinking that they can 'cure' the decision and then they will not need medicines . It does not happen in many conditions, but still some think it in that way. So she went to allergist and he did tests and then continued the same meds. But she did not come back to me. She was stable and then after 3-4 years she had shortness of breath and she was admitted and I was called. She had a clot in lungs  and that made her short of breath. The asthma was stable . But when a CT scan was done, she had not only pulmonary embolism, but also ha =d a spot on the lung . This was not seen before  and she was concerned. She has been nonsmoker  and had new clot. So I decided that we will do the out patient work up. But at this time we wanted to have her treatment for the clot. The oncologist was also called and they concentrated on the clot rather that the spot on the lung. She was discharged  and then we did the work up as out patient. 

  She was treated with blood thinner /anticoagulation. She had follow up with her cancer doctor and no new tests were done .She came to me after 4-6 weeks . I ordered a PET SCAN As I have mentioned in my previous blogs the PET scan shows metabolic activity of the cells and is good in 85 % cases for picking up cancer. We decided to do bronchoscopy and we had to hold the blood thinner for 3 days and then the bronchoscopy was OK. We had done breathing test and I had asked her to see a chest surgeon too. The PET scan was showing that the spot on the lung was hot -it had pick up and so I had her see the thoracic surgeon. He saw her and no decision was made. She came to see me and by then it was almost 6-7 weeks from the PET scan. I saw her I was expecting that the surgeon would have done the surgery and then I will see her. SO when I saw her in office and no surgery was planned, I called the surgeon and scheduled her for new CT scan . The surgeon called me and he could not tell me why no surgery was planned , but he agreed that the spot needed to come out. The new Ct scan was done and she had the same spot with may be minimal increase.

    The surgery was done  and - and - there was no CANCER. It was a infarct related to the clot. With the clot part of lung had infarct and bleeding and so that did not get better with time. But it was not cancer. 

   So the decision made based on PET scan was correct , but the Good news was that there was no cancer  and Bad news was that she had surgery- a invasive procedure . 

  We have some new tests - CTDNA - circulating tumor DNA, Nodify etc. . We check the DNA of the cancer cells from simple blood test , we have antibody for cells and protein associated with the cancer etc. But NONE is 100% . Hope we will have it one day. 

DR GOOGLE

    I have done my medical education many years ago and since then the medicine has grown and we have been able to keep with new developments . But now a days we have added the burden of computer educated generation where patients have seen . checked on computer and think they know the answers 

  We still have many patients that trust their doctors , but still we have sometimes problem and we have to explain things . It is difficult to wife off the slate which is not clean to start with and write new things .  Sometimes it is not fault with patients but with people surrounding  That brings me to the story for today.      I saw this 80 plus years old patient in office for shortness of breath . HE was smoker and had diagnosis of laryngeal cancer and that was treated and he was better and was in remission . He had COPD  and he has shortness of breath  and so he came to me . I asked him questions and I found out that he was admitted to hospital  and he had CT scan and that had shown nodule , the so called spot on the lung, He did not have any new Ct scan after the discharge 4 months ago.  So I ordered the new CT scan and that showed that the nodule had grown . That means that it was likely to be cancer . Since he had laryngeal cancer , there was possibility of new lung cancer or metastasis. So I ordered the PET scan . The  PET scan  picks up cancer may be 85% of the time . The PET scan showed activity in the lung nodule and also some activity in food pipe esophagus . We had done breathing test and he had severe compromised lung function. He was older and had bad lungs and enlarging nodule . So I asked interventional lung specialist to see him and do navigational bronchoscopy and biopsy . Ehen the biopsy was done it came back positive for cancer. She called me and the family and she wanted them to see cancer doctor - oncologist  and Gastroenetrologist.  I called the family as I wanted to discuss the further work up and treatment plan . I was told by family that they know it is cancer and what was I going to do . I insisted on bringing them in .

    I had discussion with them  and i was glad that they came . They were confused between oncologist and Gstro. I told them that he did not have great lung capacity and he was not a candidate for lot of invasive tests . But we needed to know if this spot - that had biopsy positive for cancer was ARISING IN LUNG or had started in esophagus and SPREAD TO LUNG . The distinction was very important as if there was no cancer of esophagus , then we could do short treatment of the lung cancer called stereotactic radiation and that will not cause much problem with h9 compromised lungs and has some cure rate . In contrast to that if he has had esophageal cancer, then treatment of the lung nodule will be not useful and then either chemo or localized radiation to esophagus will be needed  and that may cause difficulty in swallowing and need feeding tube - may be. These kind of things was not there when thy had checked on  Google. 

   I cleared him for doing endoscopy and when they left they were happy that they came. .  .